SAD LOVE QUOTES: Cyber attacks on 72 organisations around the world including the UN is the biggest yet uncovered

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Security company McAfee says it believes there is one 'state actor' behind the attacks
Some experts believe the evidence points to China

By Daily Mail Reporter

Last updated at 12:50 PM on 3rd August 2011

Security experts have discovered the biggest series of cyber attacks to date, involving the infiltration of the networks of 72 organisations including the United Nations, governments and companies around the world.

Security company McAfee, which uncovered the intrusions, said it believed there was one 'state actor' behind the attacks but declined to name it.

One security expert who has been briefed on the hacking said the evidence points to China.

Hacked: The United Nations building in New York. The UN was one of 72 organisations infiltrated by the biggest cyber attack in history

The long list of victims in the five-year campaign include the governments of the U.S., Taiwan, India, South Korea, Vietnam and Canada; the Association of Southeast Asian Nations; the International Olympic Committee; the World Anti-Doping Agency; and an array of companies, from defence contractors to hi-tech enterprises.

In the case of the UN, the hackers broke into the computer system of its secretariat in Geneva in 2008, hid there for nearly two years, and quietly combed through reams of secret data, according to McAfee.

Dmitri Alperovitch, McAfee's vice president of threat research, wrote in a 14-page report released on Wednesday: 'Even we were surprised by the enormous diversity of the victim organisations and were taken aback by the audacity of the perpetrators.

'What is happening to all this data... is still largely an open question.

'However, if even a fraction of it is used to build better competing products or beat a competitor at a key negotiation (due to having stolen the other team's playbook), the loss represents a massive economic threat.'

McAfee learned of the extent of the hacking campaign in March this year, when its researchers discovered logs of the attacks while reviewing the contents of a 'command and control' server that they had discovered in 2009 as part of an investigation into security breaches at defence companies.

Long infiltration: In the case of the UN, the hackers broke into the computer system of its secretariat in Geneva in 2008, hid there for nearly two years, and quietly combed through reams of secret data

It dubbed the attacks 'Operation Shady RAT' and said the earliest breaches date back to mid-2006, though there might have been other intrusions. RAT stands for 'remote access tool', a type of software that hackers and security experts use to access computer networks from afar.

Some of the attacks lasted just a month, but the longest - on the Olympic Committee of an unidentified Asian nation - went on and off for 28months, according to McAfee.

Mr Alperovitch said: 'Companies and government agencies are getting raped and pillaged every day. They are losing economic advantage and national secrets to unscrupulous competitors.

'This is the biggest transfer of wealth in terms of intellectual property in history. The scale at which this is occurring is really, really frightening.'

Mr Alperovitch said that McAfee had notified all 72 victims of the attacks, which are under investigation by law enforcement agencies around the world. He declined to give more details.

Jim Lewis, a cyber expert with the Center for Strategic and International Studies who was briefed on the hacking discovery by McAfee, said it was very likely China was behind the campaign because some of the targets had information that would be of particular interest to Beijing.

The systems of the IOC and several national Olympic Committees were breached in the run-up to the 2008 Beijing Games, for example.

And China views Taiwan as a renegade province, and political issues between them remain contentious even as economic ties have strengthened in recent years.

Mr Lewis said: 'Everything points to China. It could be the Russians, but there is more that points to China than Russia.'

McAfee declined to comment on whether China was responsible.

Vijay Mukhi, an independent cyber-expert based in India, said some south Asian governments, including India, are highly vulnerable to hacking from China as it strives to broaden its influence and strategic interests in the region.

He said: 'I'm not surprised because that's what China does, they are gradually dominating the cyberworld.

'I would call it child's play for a hacker to get access to Indian government data... I would say we're in the stone age.'

An Indian telelcommunications ministry official declined to say whether he was aware of the hacking on the government.

The UN said it was aware of the report, and that it has started an investigation to ascertain if there was an intrusion.

But Hwang Mi-kyung, with leading South Korean cyber security firm Ahnlab, cautioned against assuming China was the only one involved.

She said: 'I think we're beyond the stage where we should be focusing on the technical aspect of addressing individual attacks and instead we should think more in terms of what we can do policy-wise.

'For that, the involvement of Chinese government is very important.'